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                <h1 id="统一的数据返回格式和异常处理"><a href="#统一的数据返回格式和异常处理" class="headerlink" title="统一的数据返回格式和异常处理"></a>统一的数据返回格式和异常处理</h1><h2 id="统一的数据返回格式"><a href="#统一的数据返回格式" class="headerlink" title="统一的数据返回格式"></a>统一的数据返回格式</h2><h3 id="定义的原因"><a href="#定义的原因" class="headerlink" title="定义的原因"></a>定义的原因</h3><p>前后端分离的开发模式下，接口的数据返回可以是多种多样的，可以返回字符串，也可以返回对象，这样的返回数据对于前端来说很不友好，例如在微服务项目中，不同的人开发不同的业务接口，返回数据不同，会给前端开发造成混淆。所以需要在项目中定义一个统一标准的数据返回格式。</p>
<h3 id="定义格式"><a href="#定义格式" class="headerlink" title="定义格式"></a>定义格式</h3><p>一个标准的返回格式至少包含3个部分：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>code：后端定义的数据返回结果的状态码。</p>
</li>
<li><p>message：接口调用的结果描述信息。</p>
</li>
<li><p>data：接口调用的返回数据。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token string">"code"</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">"100"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string">"message"</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">"操作成功"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">"data"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>为了便于项目开发或者扩展功能，也可以加入其它扩展值，例如：</p>
<ol start="4">
<li>success：调用是否成功。</li>
<li>timestamp：接口调用的时间。</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="定义状态码"><a href="#定义状态码" class="headerlink" title="定义状态码"></a>定义状态码</h4><p>在项目中创建一个utils包，用来存放工具类代码文件，在该包下创建一个名为HttpCodeEnum的枚举类文件，用来定义数据返回状态码（参考阿里的状态码规范）。</p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/1.png" alt="1"></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token class-name">HttpCodeEnum</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    
    <span class="token comment">// 特殊段</span>
    <span class="token function">SUCCESS</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"00000"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"操作成功"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token function">FAIL</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"50000"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"操作失败"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// code规则定义：</span>
    <span class="token comment">// A段：错误来源于用户</span>
    <span class="token comment">// B段：错误来源于系统服务</span>
    <span class="token comment">// C段：错误来源于第三方服务</span>
    
    <span class="token class-name">String</span> code<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token class-name">String</span> message<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token class-name">HttpCodeEnum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span> code<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>code <span class="token operator">=</span> code<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message <span class="token operator">=</span> message<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token function">getCode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> code<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> message<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>



<h4 id="定义数据返回对象"><a href="#定义数据返回对象" class="headerlink" title="定义数据返回对象"></a>定义数据返回对象</h4><p>在utils包下创建一个名为ResponseResult的类文件，用来编写数据返回格式代码。</p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/2.png" alt="2"></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Data</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@NoArgsConstructor</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@AllArgsConstructor</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">Serializable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> code<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> message<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span> data<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> responseResult <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        responseResult<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setCode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">HttpCodeEnum</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>SUCCESS<span class="token punctuation">.</span>code<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        responseResult<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">HttpCodeEnum</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>SUCCESS<span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> responseResult<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token function">fail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> responseResult <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        responseResult<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setCode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">HttpCodeEnum</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>FAIL<span class="token punctuation">.</span>code<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        responseResult<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">HttpCodeEnum</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>FAIL<span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> responseResult<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span> <span class="token function">code</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span> code<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setCode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>code<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span> <span class="token function">message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span> <span class="token function">data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">T</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="数据返回测试"><a href="#数据返回测试" class="headerlink" title="数据返回测试"></a>数据返回测试</h3><p>使用统一的返回格式，对项目中TestController.java中的接口程序修改如下：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RestController</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">TestController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/test"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"hello"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>启动项目访问接口地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8080/test%E3%80%82">http://localhost:8080/test。</a></p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/3.png" alt="3"></p>
<p>对比初始化项目时该接口返回的String数据。</p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/t1.png" alt="t1"></p>
<p>可以看到，数据格式已经按照定义的格式进行了返回。</p>
<h2 id="统一包装的实现"><a href="#统一包装的实现" class="headerlink" title="统一包装的实现"></a>统一包装的实现</h2><h3 id="ResponseBodyAdvice实现"><a href="#ResponseBodyAdvice实现" class="headerlink" title="ResponseBodyAdvice实现"></a>ResponseBodyAdvice实现</h3><p>ResponseBodyAdvice接口是在Controller执行return之后，在response返回给浏览器或者APP客户端之前，执行的对response的一些处理。</p>
<p>可以实现对response数据的一些统一封装或者加密等操作。</p>
<p>其中supports()方法，是为了定义哪些类或者方法需要对respones进行处理（supports()方法返回false时，不执行beforeBodyWrite()方法，返回true时执行），beforeBodyWrite()方法则定义对respones进行如何处理。</p>
<p>在utils包下，创建ResponesResultAdvice类文件，实现ResponseBodyAdvice接口，重写beforeBodyWrite()。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RestControllerAdvice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePackages <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"com.snow.dcl.controller"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResultAdvice</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseBodyAdvice</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Resource</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">ObjectMapper</span> objectMapper<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">supports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MethodParameter</span> methodParameter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Class</span> aClass<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@SneakyThrows</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">Object</span> <span class="token function">beforeBodyWrite</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Object</span> o<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MethodParameter</span> methodParameter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MediaType</span> mediaType<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Class</span> aClass<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ServerHttpRequest</span> serverHttpRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ServerHttpResponse</span> serverHttpResponse<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>重启项目，访问接口<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8080/test%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E3%80%82">http://localhost:8080/test进行测试。</a></p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/4.png" alt="4"></p>
<p>可以看到返回数据变成了如图所示。</p>
<p>为什么会这样呢，通过打断点进行debug可以看到原因。</p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/5.png" alt="5"></p>
<p>此时的返回数据对象o，已经被包装成了ResponesResult形式的对象了，return时，又将该对象再次使用ResponesResult进行了包装，将o包装为ResponesResult的data。</p>
<h3 id="ResponseResult类型的转换"><a href="#ResponseResult类型的转换" class="headerlink" title="ResponseResult类型的转换"></a>ResponseResult类型的转换</h3><p>为了解决返回数据再次被包装了一次的问题，在beforeBodyWrite()方法中添加如下程序进行转换。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>o <span class="token keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> o<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>若返回的数据是ResponseResult形式的，不进行包装直接返回，重启服务再次访问<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8080/test%E3%80%82">http://localhost:8080/test。</a></p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/3.png" alt="3"></p>
<h3 id="String类型的转换"><a href="#String类型的转换" class="headerlink" title="String类型的转换"></a>String类型的转换</h3><p>在使用了ResponseBodyAdvice后，在编写接口Controller代码时，就可以不用ResponseResult进行包装了，直接返回原始类型即可。</p>
<p>修改TestController中的程序：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RestController</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">TestController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/test"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"hello"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>因为Spring Boot对String类型会直接返回，若此处不进行转换（，访问接口时则会报错（ResponseResult类型不能转换为String类型）。</p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/6.png" alt="6"></p>
<p>在ResponseResultAdvice实现类的beforeBodyWrite()方法中添加如下程序进行转换。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>o <span class="token keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> objectMapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">writeValueAsString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>重启服务再次访问<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8080/test%E3%80%82">http://localhost:8080/test。</a></p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/3.png" alt="3"></p>
<p>完整的ResponseResultAdvice类程序：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RestControllerAdvice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePackages <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"com.snow.dcl.controller"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResultAdvice</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseBodyAdvice</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Resource</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">ObjectMapper</span> objectMapper<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">supports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MethodParameter</span> methodParameter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Class</span> aClass<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@SneakyThrows</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">Object</span> <span class="token function">beforeBodyWrite</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Object</span> o<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MethodParameter</span> methodParameter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MediaType</span> mediaType<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Class</span> aClass<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ServerHttpRequest</span> serverHttpRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ServerHttpResponse</span> serverHttpResponse<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>o <span class="token keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> objectMapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">writeValueAsString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>o <span class="token keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> o<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="RestControllerAdvice"><a href="#RestControllerAdvice" class="headerlink" title="@RestControllerAdvice"></a>@RestControllerAdvice</h3><p>在ResponseResultAdvice实现类中使用了@RestControllerAdvice注解，该注解为@RestController注解的增强注解，可以实现三个方面的功能：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>可以全局捕获spring mvc抛的异常，并进行处理。</p>
</li>
<li><p>全局数据绑定。</p>
</li>
<li><p>全局数据预处理。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="SneakyThrows"><a href="#SneakyThrows" class="headerlink" title="@SneakyThrows"></a>@SneakyThrows</h3><p>在beforeBodyWrite()方法上面的@SneakyThrows，是Lombok中的注解，作用：可以对受检异常进行捕捉并抛出。</p>
<p>至此，统一的数据返回格式定义完成。</p>
<h2 id="统一的全局异常处理"><a href="#统一的全局异常处理" class="headerlink" title="统一的全局异常处理"></a>统一的全局异常处理</h2><h3 id="统一的全局异常处理的原因"><a href="#统一的全局异常处理的原因" class="headerlink" title="统一的全局异常处理的原因"></a>统一的全局异常处理的原因</h3><ol>
<li><p>在编写Controller程序时，需要对可能的异常进行try…catch处理，否则报错，在TestController中添加会产生异常的/wrong接口程序如下。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RestController</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">TestController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/test"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"hello"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/wrong"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>此时访问会返回服务器异常信息。</p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/7.png" alt="7"></p>
<p>需要对异常进行try…catch处理。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/wrong"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>访问接口：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8080/wrong%E3%80%82">http://localhost:8080/wrong。</a></p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/8.png" alt="8"></p>
</li>
<li><p>在项目中创建exception包，在该包下创建自定义异常CustomException，编写如下程序：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Data</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@NoArgsConstructor</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@AllArgsConstructor</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">CustomException</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">RuntimeException</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> code<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> message<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">CustomException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message <span class="token operator">=</span> message<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>继续在TestController中添加一个自定义异常接口：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">@GetMapping("/empty")
public void empty() {
    throw new CustomException("自定义异常！");
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>访问接口：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8080/empty%E3%80%82">http://localhost:8080/empty。</a></p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/9.png" alt="9"></p>
<p>无法处理自定义异常。</p>
</li>
<li><p>当引入Validator进行参数校验时，校验失败会抛出异常，但此时的异常无法通过try…catch进行捕获只能使用全局异常处理。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>基于以上3点原因，所以使用统一的全局异常处理。</p>
<h3 id="统一的全局异常处理的实现"><a href="#统一的全局异常处理的实现" class="headerlink" title="统一的全局异常处理的实现"></a>统一的全局异常处理的实现</h3><p>在项目中创建exception包，在该包下创建全局异常处理器类GlobalException，编写如下程序：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Slf4j</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RestControllerAdvice</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">GlobalException</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token comment">/**
     * 默认全局异常处理
     */</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@ExceptionHandler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span> <span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"全局异常信息:{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ResponseResult</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>访问自定义异常接口：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8080/empty%E3%80%82">http://localhost:8080/empty。</a></p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/10.png" alt="10"></p>
<p>通过结果发现，返回的异常信息已经进行了包装。</p>
<p>将TestController中的/wrong接口的try…catch处理去掉，代码恢复为：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/wrong"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>再次访问该接口：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8080/wrong">http://localhost:8080/wrong</a></p>
<p><img src="/Dcl_Snow/2021/10/13/tong-yi-shu-ju-fan-hui-ge-shi-he-yi-chang-chu-li/11.png" alt="11"></p>
<p>可以看到返回数据已经进行了处理。</p>
<p>至此，统一的全局异常处理定义（整合统一的数据返回格式）完成。</p>

                
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